Feed-water heater and purifier



(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. BERNAUER & N. S. CHAPMAN;

FEED WA'IIEZR HEATER AND PURIFIER.

N0. 56l, 195. Patentedll l 2, 1896.

ANDREW B.GRAHAM. FHOTO-UTHO.WA5HINGTUN. D C

(No Model.) V 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. BERNAUER & N. S. CHAPMAN. FEED WATER HEATER AND PURIFIBR.1

No. 561,195. Pzitentedy: 2, 1896.

,% v jgi mm M rnau e? I ji iarne NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

HENRY BERNAUER AND N EIVTONS. CHAPMAN, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

FEED-WATER HEATER AND PURIFIER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 561,195, dated June 2,1896.

Application filed February 20, 1896. Serial No. 579,986. (No model.)

T0 at whom, it weary concern.-

Be it known that we, HENRY BERNAUER and NEWTON S. CHAPMAN, citizens ofthe United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson andState of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFeedater Heaters and Purifiers, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to feedwater heaters and purifiers; and ourobjects are to produce apparatus of this character which will effectually accomplish the object in View andwhich embodies in itsconstruction the features of simplicity and economy as well asaccessibility for cleansing and repairs.

With these objects in view the invention consists in certain novel andpeculiar features of construction and arrangement, as hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

In order that the invention may be fully understood, reference is to behad to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a centralvertical section of a boiler and of our feed-water heater and purifier.Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the boiler on the line 00 w of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection of the precipitating-cylinder on the liney y of Fig. 1 and on an enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is a plan View of thedouble-cone deflector. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of theskimmer. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a part of the pure-waterconduit and the exhaust-nozzle of the steamconduit. Fig. '7 is avertical section of the oil-extractor of the precipitating-cylinder.

In said drawings, 1 designates a steamboiler of ordinary construction.

2 is the feed-water-supply pipe connected to any suitable force-pump(not shown) and leading into the receptacle or tank 3 within the boiler,near one end, and arranged with its upper edge above the water -line andslightly higher than the corresponding edge of a skimmer-tank 4, whichis located within and near the opposite end of the boiler. Said tanksare connected by an inclined water-leg 5, so that the water after itreaches a predetermined level in tank 3 will flow in a continuousshallow stream nearly the full length of the boiler to tank 4. Tanks 3and 4 and water-leg 5 are placed near one side of the boiler in orderthat they may be easily accessible from the manhole.

Arranged in proximity to the boiler is a precipitator 6, whichissupported upon legs 7 in order thata receptacle may be placed beneath itto receive the drain from a blow-off cock 8 at the bottom thereof. Saidcock is connected to a perforated cross-pipe 9 within and near thebottom of the cylinder.

10 10 designate a pair of superposed inverted conical deflectors securedat their upper ends to the precipitating-cylinder in any suitablemanner. Their lower ends or apices are provided with openings 11 11.Located vertically above said deflectors is a doubleconical deflector12, comprising two conical sections with their apices cut away andconnected by a short tube 12, the lower end of which is closed. Theconical sections of this deflector are disposed in oppositedirectionsthat is, the base or widest portion of one is presentedupward, while the base or widest portion of the other faces downwardly.This deflector is supported in position by means of the upper horizontalarm of the pipe-conduit 13, which communicates at one end with theinterior of said deflector above the partition 12 and at its oppositeends with the lower portion of the boiler, into which it extends a shortdistance.

The interior construction of the precipitator is such that the watermust follow a tortuous course, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, beforeit can escape through the pipeconduit 13, in order to thoroughlyseparate the heavier impurities from the Water and oil, the latter ofwhich rises to the top of the water and passes into the extractor. Allof said heavier particles which do not immediately seek and remain atthe bottom of the cylinder enter the approXimately-V-shaped cavitiesformed by the inverted deflectors and the wall of the precipitator andbelow the flaring walls 01": the double-conical deflector. Thepipe-conduit 13 is controlled by a valve 14 and is subjected to theintense heat of the furnace where it bridges the space between thefurnace-wall 15 and the boiler. (See Fig. 1.) The object of this willhereinafter appear.

16 designates a pipe depending vertically into the boiler and carryingat its lower end within tank l a skimmer, which consists of a perforatedcross formed of radial pipes 17, coupled together and communicating attheir inner ends with a pipe 16. Their outer ends are turned upwardlyabove the watenlevel of the tank, as shown at 18, for a purposehereinafter described. Pipe 10 is connected by a horizontal pipe 19 tothe upper end of a Vertical pipe 20, which extends downward into theprecipitating-cylinder 6 and centrally through and below the severalconical deflectors, as shown. Said pipes are provided with acontrolling-valve 21, as shown.

A steam-pipe conduit 22 communicates with the steam-dome 23 of theboiler at one end and at its opposite end isprovided with acontractednozzle 2i, which projects toward the boiler inside the conduit 13, whichhereinafter is termed the pure-water conduit. The relation between theseconduits is such that the steanrjet issuing from said nozzle atconsiderable pressure tends to create a vacuum in the pure-water conduitand thereby draws the water by suctional act-ion from the cylinder anddischarges it into the boiler. During such passage its temperature israised by contaet with the steam and by passing through thehighly-l1eated portion bridging the furnace. This super-heating of thewater causes its expansion in a corresponding degree, which in turnincreases the pressure in the conduit and the force of the dischargeinto the boiler, thereby faeilitatin g the circulation of the purifiedwater from the cylinder. This circulation is further increased byextending the discharge end of the pure-water conduit into the currentgenerated within the boiler, which exerts a suctional action thereon.

25 designates the oil or grease extractor, which is in the form of ahollow cylinder with its lower end open and communicating with the upperend of the precipitating-cylinder through an opening in the top thereof.Said extractor is provided with a filter, comprising the perforatedreceptacle 26 and the interposed filtration material 26, such ascharcoal, &c. The oils maybe drawn off through the valve-controlled pipe28, which communicates with the extractor through the screwcap 29,forming the upper end of the extractor. The oil as it escapes throughsaid pipes enters a suitable receptacle (not shown) placed to receive itand may be made use of as desired.

\Vhen the boiler is to be initially filled, the water is pumped intotank 3, which arrests the sand and heavy impurities, and flows thencethrough water-leg 5 to tank 4, which it overflows until the requireddepth is attained in the-boiler, after which the feed-water is shut off.\Vhen steam is generated and the required pressure obtained, valve 21 isopened and the feed-pump set in operation. This causes the water to flowin a shallow stream down the water-leg 5, which is located in thesteam-space of the boiler, and during such passage it is so intenselyheated that a portion of it is converted into steam. The lime, salts,oils, &c., thus set free flow upon the surface of the water into theskimmingtank 4. Here the pressure of the steam and the suction it exertsby passing into the up per ends 18 of the pipes 17 and thence into pipe10 forces the scum of impurities and a portion of the surface-waterthrough the skimmer and pipes 16, 19, and 20 into theprecipitatingcylinder. This process continues until the cylinder isfilled with water, and it is obvious that as it fills up with thisimpure water the deflectors perform their function of separating most ofthe impurities from the water and oil and prew'enting such separatedelements from rising by reason of the peculiar form and arrangement ofthe said deflectors, as hereinbefore set forth. After the precipitatingcylinder becomes filled with water the valves 13 and 2t are opened topermit the pure water to circulate in a continuous stream from saidcylinder into the boiler, as hercinbefore explained. As the cylinderfills with water the lighter oil or grease at the surface seeks its onlyoutlet, and,enterin g the extractor,passes or seeps through the filterthereof, and maybe drawn off in condition for use through the pipe 28.All the light impurities which are not intercepted by the deflectorsrise to the top of. preeipitator and are drawn oil throughblowoff cook27, communicating with the lower portion of the oil-extractor.

In case the feed-pump ceases to operate from any cause and theconsequent lowering of the water-level in tank 4, which would interruptthe operation of the purifying apparatus, we have provided the said tankwith hinged valves 29, which close openings 30. Projecting from saidvalves are arms 3], to which chains 32 are attached, which are socuredto floats at their upper ends, as shown in Fig. 5. It is obvious fromthis construct-ion that if the tension of chains 32 is relaxed by thelowering of the water-level and the floats, the valves, by reason of theweight of their arms 31 and the water in the boiler, will swing open andadmit water thcrefrom into the skimming-tank, thereby automaticallymaintaining the purifying operation.

Thus it will be seen that we have produced an improved feed-waterheating and purifying apparatus whereby the feed-water will first beconducted in a shallow stream through the steam-space of the boiler inorder that the heat thereof may be utilized as an agent in the eifectualand expeditious precipitation of the scale-forming substances; secondly,will be conducted, together with the impurities from the boiler, to aprecipitating-cylinder, wherein the impurities are separated from thewater and the oil or grease also separated therefrom, and, thirdly, willbe forced under pressure from said cylinder in a highlyheated andpurified state back into the boiler below the water-line.

It will be understood from the above description that after-the boilerreceives its initial supply of water it is thereafter replenished bythat which has circulated through the heating and purifying apparatusbefore it commingles with that within said boiler.

Having thus described the invention, what we claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with aheating-chamber, of a water-leg extending therein, through which mayflow a shallow stream of water, a tank to receive said water, a skimmerarranged in the upper part of the tank, and means to continuously forcethe scale-forming substances, together with a portion of the water fromsaid tank, through said skimmer, substantially as described.

2. In a fced-water heater and purifier, the combination with aheating-chamber, and a precipitating-cylinder to receive the impurewater, of a water-leg in the'heating-chamber, a tank communicatingtherewith, a skimmer within said tank, and a conduit connecting theskimmer and the cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with aheating-chamber and a precipitating-cylinder, of a water-leg within theheater, a tank therein and connected to the water-leg, a skimmer withinsaid tank, a valve-controlled conduit connecting .the tank and thecylinder, and a valve-controlled purewater conduit connecting thecylinder with the boiler to be fed, substantially as described.

4. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination with a heater, awater-leg therein, and a tank also in the heater and connected to theWater-leg, of a precipitator, a valvecontrolled pipe connecting the samewith the heater and provided with a skimmer within the tank, apure-water conduit connecting the precipitator with the boiler to befed, and a steam-jet pipe connected with the steam-dome of the boilerand the pure-water conduit, substantially as described.

5. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination of a heater, apair of tanks therein, an inclined water-leg connecting them, and asupply-pipe communicating with the tank at the highest end of thewater-leg with a precipitating-cylinder, a skimmer located within theother tank, a valve-controlled conduit connecting the skimmer and theprecipitator, a valve-controlled pure-water conduit connecting theprecipitator and the boiler to be fed, and a steam-conduit connected tothe dome of the boiler and provided with a contracted nozzle projectinginto the pure-water conduit, substantially as described.

6. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of a boiler, atank therein pro- I vided with openings below the water-line,

through which water from the boiler may enter the tank, valvescontrolling said openings, floats connected to said valves so that whenthe water reaches a certain level in the tank the valves will beautomatically closed, substantially as described.

7. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of a boiler, atank therein provided with openings through which water enters the tank,valves controlling said openings, floats within the tank connected withsaid valves to close them at times, a precipitator, a valve-controlledconduit connecting the same with the boiler, a skimmer connected to theconduit and arranged within the tank, a pure-water valve-controlledconduit connecting the precipitator and the boiler, and avalve-controlled steam-conduit connected to the steam-dome andprojecting at its opposite end into the pure-water conduit in thedirection of the flow of water therein, substantially as described.

8. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a boiler, atank therein provided with openings through which water enters the tank,hinged valves controlling said openings, arms projecting therefrom,chains attached to said arms, floats attached to said chains, aprecipitator, a valve-controlled conduit connecting the precipitator andthe boiler, a skimmer communicating With the said conduit and arrangedwithin said tank, a pure-water valve-controlled conduit c011- nectingthe precipitatorand the boiler, and a steam-conduit connected to thesteam-dome and projecting into the pure-water conduit, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination of aprecipitator to secure water in a superheated state, consisting of acylinder provided internally with a deflector or deflectors, and at itsupper end with a filter to extract the oil or grease from the water,with a pure-water conduit communicating with the precipitator below saidoil-extractor, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of aprecipitator to receive superheated water, consisting of a cylinderprovided internally with a deflector or deflectors, and at its upper endwith a filter to extract oil or grease from the Water; with a pure-waterconduit communicating with the precipitator below the oil-extractor, anda steamconduit communicating with the water-conduit, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

11. In a feed-water heater and purifier, a precipitator, comprising acasing provided internally with inverted conical deflectors, adouble-conical deflector above the same provided with an internalpartition, a pure-water pipe communicating internally with thedouble-conical deflector above said partition,

and extending outside the tank, a perforated cross at the lower end ofthe cylinder provided with a blow-off cock, and an oil-extractorcommunicating with the upper end of the cylinder, all arrangedsubstantially as described.

12. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a boiler,a tank in which superheated water is contained, of a precipitator, apipe connected thereto and leading into the boiler, and a skimmermounted upon the lower end of the pipe, consisting of perforated pipeshaving their inner ends in communication with said pipe and their outerends open and bent upwardly above the water-line of said tank,substantial] y as and for 10 the purpose described.

In testimony whereof we af'fix our signatures in presence oi": twowitnesses.

HENRY BERNAUER. NEWTON S. CHAPMAN. Witnesses:

SAMUEL LAWRENCE, F. Gr. FISCHER.

